In 1870 Scotland had more or less the same population as London - about 3.2 million. London was about 15% of the English total and each was about 11% of the total for Britain and Ireland, at that time, of course, the whole of Ireland. At that same time Sheffield had a population of about 280,000, so just over 1% of that same English total but in 1850 that had been 160,000. In other words the city had in twenty years had grown by 75%. In comparison Glasgow in 1880 had a population of 550,000, incidentally two thirds greater than Sheffield's, having risen from 400,000 two decades earlier and therefore grown by one third. And finally the population of Nottingham and its immediate surrounds in 1860 stood at about 105,000, increasing to 120,000 a decade later and 154,000 in 1880.      

These four cities are spotlighted because organised, as against the folk or mob-game, came to them early. Sheffield and London were probably the earliest, in 1857. In Nottingham it was 1862 and in 1867, with other parts of the country earlier still, certainly 1862 and perhaps even 1852. 

However, that is not to say that the non-mob game did not exists in and around all four before those date, just as it did elsewhere. Individual groupings, Public schools, even "clubs", playing a "football" game that was in part recognisable as similar to the Association one, the "Soccer" we know today. But that self-contained individualism began to change. In Sheffield it was in 1860 with the formation of Hallam F.C., with both it and Sheffield F.C. remarkably still in existence today. It had already done so in London in 1859 with the arrival of Crusaders and Forest, later to be known as The Wanderers. In Nottingham it would be in 1863 and would take place in Southern Scotland in 1865 and in Glasgow three years later.  And that change became carved in stone with the arrival of "competitive" football in December 1860, once more in Sheffield, with the first meeting of the Sheffield and Hallam, the former winning two-nil, although it has to be said that in 1858 in an inter-school match, so not totally club, Forest had already met and beaten Chigwell, in London otherwise in 1863, in Nottingham in 1864 and in Scotland, presumably in 1865 with five teams in existence in Stranraer, and in Glasgow in 1868.  

And with competition came the necessity of agreement on rules-of-play beyond that of the simply in-house or in the Public-school case inter-house with that process beginning in 1862 with the second iteration of the "Sheffield Rules", with little known of Nottingham Rules except their existence, followed in 1863 in London by the "London Rules" resulting from the formation that same year of the Football Association, the starting-point of our football today, and Queen's Park in Glasgow initially accepting London Rules with one variation on off-side, since reinstated in 1925, then agreeing from 1871 to accept them in their entirely with Scotland as a whole following suite from 1872/73.   

Thus from four centres at slightly differing paces emerged two codes of the organised game with in addition in both London and Sheffield initially patterns both off- and on-field that were similar. Both were at the initiation of men of similar background, gentlemen certainly but the main figures in each, Crestwick in Sheffield and Morley in London, both lawyers and actually both Yorkshiremen. Whilst Morley stayed in London by then he had been born and brought up in Hull. Both until 

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